Abstract
In the 1950s, the economist Simon Kuznets theorized the existence of a bell-shaped curve describing the correlation between the level of GDP per capita and income inequality. This generated another hypothesis concerning the existence of an inverted-U relationship between income per capita (GDP) and environmental impact. By means of a cross-country analysis, the article shows that, at least at the global scale, an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) does not exist, but rather an Environmental Urban Curve (EUC). The city exhibits an complex socioeconomic metabolism that we can define in terms of dissipative and resilience territorial structures.
Highlights
The year 2008 has been characterized by four major events: the worldwide economic crisis, the consumption of farmed fish has exceeded the consumption of caught fish, the rate of growth of the world population has reached an inflection point( on, its growth will tend to decline in time); the world population has reached 50% of urbanization
A positive and liberal response to the question of sustainability is given by the proponents of the Environmental Kuznets Curve '(EKC)
Science and the Future Assuming that the most optimistic scenario will come about, it is still necessary to examine the compatibility of this ‘new balance’ with the environmental resources because, according to the results of the Living Planet Report (WWF, 2010), the consumption of natural capital doubled from 1961 to 2005 and is about 30% higher than what the planet can regenerate in a year
Summary
The year 2008 has been characterized by four major events: the worldwide economic crisis, the consumption of farmed fish has exceeded the consumption of caught fish, the rate of growth of the world population has reached an inflection point( on, its growth will tend to decline in time); the world population has reached 50% of urbanization. Nowadays , the historic centers are five to ten percent of the total residential space It has been exceeded even the industrial metropolis, result of the expansion of city and neighboring rural villages and characterized by the reproduction of the work with common spaces always insufficient and a urban rent "odd man out" between profits and salaries. The first definition is relevant to a pre-industrial society only, the latter perhaps may provide a key to deal with the current situation of global environmental impacts
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