Uptake of heavy metal in wheat from application of different phosphorus fertilizers

Abstract

IntroductionExcessive use of phosphorus-based fertilizers may lead to environmental damage and accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and crops. Materials and methodsThis study was carried out to investigate the uptake of heavy metals in wheat grains grown using different phosphates fertilizers using Flame Atomic absorption spectrometer. The experiment comprised of four treatments viz., control and recommended doses of phosphorous using Single Super Phosphate (SSP), Nitro Phosphate (NP) and Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizers. ResultsResults revealed that SSP and DAP application increases concentration of Cr and Pb and Cu respectively in soil samples. All elements except Cd were detected in wheat grains. Cu and Cr concentrations measured in wheat grains grown using fertilized soil were within recommended limits but Pb, Ni and Zn were higher. The trend for the translocation factor of heavy metals was found to be: Cd < Cr < Cu < Ni < Pb < Zn while the daily intake of metals followed the opposite trend i.e Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd. The Health Risk Index (HRI) for lead was > 1 for adults and children. ConclusionApplication of phosphatic fertilizer results in the accumulation of HMs in the order; SSP > DAP > NP in soil.