Abstract
The emergent plants may differ in their capacity to assimilate nutrients from eutrophic water bodies, so the utilization of suitable emergent plants is the key part for successful restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes and rivers. This research applied the depletion method to study the kinetics of uptake of nutrient (H2PO4−, NH4+, NO3−) in different nutrient stresses by the five emergent aquatic plants (Acorus calamus L., Typha orientalis, Lythrum salicaria L., Sagittaria trifolia L., Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn) in the riverine zones of Dashi River (39°30′–39°40′ N, 115°59′–116°5′ E), a shallow eutrophic river located in Fangshan District, Beijing. The results showed that at the three phosphorus levels, A. calamus and A. plantago-aquatica had the highest maximum uptake rate values for NH4+ under low to moderate phosphorus conditions, and high phosphorus, respectively. T. orientalis had the highest maximum uptake rate values for NO3− at all phosphorus concentrations, while the Michaelis-Menten constant values of L. salicaria and A. plantago-aquatica were smaller. At the three nitrogen levels, the maximum uptake rate values for H2PO4− were the greatest for A. plantago-aquatica at the low to moderate nitrogen levels and L. salicaria at high levels. Meanwhile, T. orientalis and L. salicaria had the smallest Michaelis-Menten constant values. In this study, nitrogen microbial transformations, such as nitrification, denitrification and their coupling were not measured and their role in measuring kinetics was not assessed. Thus, achieved results shall be considered as a synthesis of several processes mediated by plants, a theoretical guidance to the selection of plant species for phytoremediation of polluted water bodies with different nutrient stresses for quality improvement around the diverse rivers in Haihe River basin.
Highlights
Eutrophication of rivers and lakes is one of the relevant topics in the world today.Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two important factors that cause eutrophication in freshwater lakes, and they are the main nutrients for plant growth
“affinity strategy” or a “speed strategy”. They proposed a theory for the use of the parameters Km and Vmax to evaluate the adaptation of different plant species to environmental nutrient status, which includes the following statements: (1) plants with high Vmax and low Km values are adapted to a wide range of nutrient conditions; (2) plants with high Vmax and high Km values are adapted to high levels of nutrient conditions; (3) plants with low Vmax and low Km values are adapted to low levels of nutrient conditions; and (4) plants with low Vmax and high Km values are unfavorable at all nutrient concentration conditions [34]
This paper argued that nitrogen and phosphorus are two important nutrients necessary for plant growth, and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio is very important in the process of plant uptake
Summary
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two important factors that cause eutrophication in freshwater lakes, and they are the main nutrients for plant growth. High concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies can lead to an imbalance in the physiological function of submerged plants, inhibit their growth, and even cause their decline [1,2,3]. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen are of concern due to the physiological stress it causes on plant growth [5,6,7]. The use of aquatic plants to directly absorb and remove nitrogen and phosphorus from water bodies is one of the main mechanisms to control eutrophication in water bodies. The restoration of aquatic plants is attracting more attention as an important measure for restoring aquatic ecosystems and absorbing and purifying eutrophic substances from water
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