Abstract
AbstractSolid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack technology offers a reliable, efficient, and clean method of sustainable heat and electricity co‐generation that can be integrated into micro‐combined heat and power (µ‐CHP) units for use in residential and small commercial environments. Recent years have seen the successful market introduction of several SOFC‐based systems, however, manufacturers still face some challenges in improving the durability and tolerance of traditional Ni‐based ceramic‐metal (cermet) composite anodes to harsh operating conditions, such as redox and thermal cycling, overload exposure, sulfur poisoning and coking, in unprocessed natural gas feeds, for long time periods. Creating a “silver bullet” anode material that solves all of these issues has been the focus of SOFC research of the past 20 years, however, very few materials are reported to address these issues at the button cell scale and, subsequently, successfully scale to industrial SOFC stacks. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a “powder to power” overview of the academic‐industrial cross‐collaborative development of a novel, highly robust anode material, from the fundamental materials science performed in academic laboratories to the successful upscaling and incorporation into short stacks at a well‐established, commercial manufacturer of SOFC systems in an industrial setting.
Highlights
IntroductionHigh-temperature Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) (operating at 700–850 °C)are produced using traditional, well-studied, and effective mate-1.1
High-temperature Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)are produced using traditional, well-studied, and effective mate-1.1
After an initial redox cycle, performed at 4 h of operational time to improve the contacting between the anode surface and the Ni current collector, the SOFC was allowed to run at 300 mA cm−2 for a further 3020 h
Summary
High-temperature SOFC (operating at 700–850 °C)are produced using traditional, well-studied, and effective mate-1.1. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are electrochemical energy conver- from composites of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and stronsion devices which offer the ability to generate high-quality heat tium-substituted lanthanum manganite (LSM)[7,8,9] or composites of cerium gadolinium oxide (CGO) and strontium-substituted. Mai HEXIS AG lanthanum cobaltite (LSC),[9,10] ferrite (LSF),[11] or cobaltite ferrite (LSCF).[8,12,13,14,15,16] Electrolytes used in SOFC operating within this temperature regime are zirconia stabilized, commonly, with scandia or yttria (ScSZ or YSZ),[2] while fuel electrodes (anodes) traditionally comprise composites of Ni and either YSZ or CGO.[2,17] despite the excellent performance that can be obtained using
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