Upregulation ofGlypican‐3expression in hepatocellular carcinoma but downregulation in cholangiocarcinoma indicates its differential diagnosis value in primary liver cancers

Abstract

Expression alteration of Glypican-3 (GPC3) is associated with several malignancies and has been identified as an overexpressed gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study GPC3 expression in intrahepatic chanlangiocarcinoma (ICC), gallbladder cancer and HCC was quantitatively detected. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of GPC3. GPC3 expression was elevated more than two-fold in HCC compared with adjacent tissue in 90 of 100 HCC cases. The average expression level of GPC3 was significantly higher in HCC than that in adjacent liver tissues (P<0.0001). Only in four of 21 ICC cases GPC3 expression was upregulated more than two-fold in tumor tissues. GPC3 expression was downregulated in gallbladder cancer in 12 of 13 cases and the average expression level was significantly lower than that in normal gallbladder tissues (P<0.05). The different expression patterns of GPC3 in HCC and ICC suggested that it might play a different role in theses tumors and could serve as a biomarker for differential diagnosis of HCC and ICC.