Upregulation Mechanism of CCND1 in Apoptosis on MCF-7 Cell Line upon Treatment with Quranic Verses

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Ruqyah Shar'iyyah, one of the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has shown therapeutic benefits in breast cancer by utilizing Quranic verses in reducing symptoms and enhancing their quality of life as a result of invasive standard therapies. However, scientific evidence is required to demonstrate Ruqyah Shar'iyyah's effectiveness on gene expression and molecular pathways in carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Ruqyah Shar’iyyah on breast cancer cell line on apoptosis and CCND1 expression in related signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS : MCF-7 cell lines were treated with direct recitation of several Quranic verses for 12 hours and 24 hours. Cell viability was observed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of CCND1 was determined using RT-qPCR technique. The molecular mechanism and signalling pathways were evaluated using Reactome database for in silico analysis. RESULTS: Cell viability data showed 95.69% and 93.54% exhibiting slight reduction for 12-hour treatment in untreated and treated MCF-7, respectively. Meanwhile more reduction was observed in 24-hour treatment with 95.11% in untreated cell line as compared to 92.34% in treated cell line. The cell morphology also exhibited apoptotic activity in the treated group for both two time points. Gene expression analysis of CCNDI also demonstrated upregulation with 1.81-fold change. The data was supported by the in-silico analysis in which 25 relevant significant signalling pathways related to CCND1 highlighting the role of the gene in breast cancer development. CONCLUSION: CCND1 may have a function in signalling pathways that control the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells.