Abstract
ObjectiveGliomas are the most aggressive intracranial tumors accounting for the vast majority of brain tumors with very poor prognosis and overall survival (OS). Cancer-derived immunoglobulin G (cancer-IgG) has been found to be widely expressed in several malignancies such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Cancer-IgG could promote tumorigenesis and progression. However, its role in glioma has not been revealed yet.MethodsWe mined open databases including the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to study the role of IGHG1, which encodes cancer-IgG in glioma. Examination of the differential expression of IGHG1 was carried out in the GEO and TCGA databases. Furthermore, its expression in different molecular subtypes was analyzed. Stratified analysis was performed with clinical features. Subsequently, immune infiltration analysis was conducted using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). GSEA was performed to reveal the mechanisms of IGHG1. Lastly, immunohistochemistry was processed to validate our findings.ResultsIn this study, we found that the expression of IGHG1 was higher in glioma and molecular subtypes with poor prognosis. The overall survival of patients with a high expression of IGHG1 was worse in the stratified analysis. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that the expression level of IGHG1 was positively correlated with the stromal score, ESTIMATE score, and immune score and negatively correlated with tumor purity. Results from the GSEA and DAVID demonstrated that IGHG1 may function in phagosome, antigen processing and presentation, extracellular matrix structural constituent, antigen binding, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Finally, immunohistochemistry assay validated our findings that patients with a high expression of cancer-IgG had poor OS and disease-free survival (DFS).ConclusionCancer-IgG is a promising biomarker of diagnosis and treatment for patients with glioma.
Highlights
Gliomas are the most aggressive intracranial tumors accounting for the vast majority of brain tumors with very poor prognosis and overall survival (OS) [1]
In this study, we found that the expression of IGHG1 was higher in glioma and molecular subtypes with poor prognosis
Cancer-immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a promising biomarker of diagnosis and treatment for patients with glioma
Summary
Gliomas are the most aggressive intracranial tumors accounting for the vast majority of brain tumors with very poor prognosis and overall survival (OS) [1]. According to the malignant degree of glioma, the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it into grades I–IV. Grade I and II gliomas are considered less malignant and invasive. Grades III to IV have a higher degree of malignancy and a strong invasive ability. The diagnosis and evaluation of glioma have changed greatly, such as the combination of histopathological diagnosis and molecular markers. The latest classification emphasizes the importance of molecular and integrated diagnosis in the diagnosis and treatment of glioma [2]. Recent evidence found that tumor treating fields have good prospects for the treatment of gliomas [4]. The OS of patients with glioma is still very poor. It is urgent to explore new biomarkers for the treatment of glioma
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