Upper Extremity Transplantation in Non-Human Primates: An Orthotopic Model for Translational Research

Abstract

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) offers unparalleled restoration of function and form following devastating musculoskeletal and soft tissue injury. However, the potential adverse effects of life-long immunosuppression remain a significant cause for concern. Therefore, while the surgical techniques necessary for VCA have developed rapidly, the immunological aspects of these procedures and the potential functional significance of immunological processes on vascularized composite allografts remain areas in which further research is required. The functional complexity of these procedures, combined with the preclinical nature of many of the research questions, necessitates the use of large animal models to most effectively address some of the outstanding hypotheses. Cynomolgus macaques are among the premier large animal models for immunological research. This manuscript describes development of an orthotopic model of upper extremity transplantation in cynomolgus macaques. Following study of the...