Abstract
BackgroundUpper arm development in children is different in different ethnic groups. There have been few reports on upper arm circumference (UAC) at different stages of development in children and adolescents in China. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for growth with weighted assessment of the overall level of development.MethodsUsing a pooled analysis, an authoritative journal database search and reports of UAC, we created a new database on developmental measures in children. In conducting a weighted analysis, we compared reference values for 0~60 months of development according to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics considering gender and nationality and used Z values as interval values for the second sampling to obtain an exponential smooth curve to analyze the mean, standard deviation, and sites of attachment.ResultsTen articles were included in the pooled analysis, and these articles included participants from different areas of China. The point of intersection with the WHO curve was 3.5 years with higher values at earlier ages and lower values at older ages. Boys curve was steeper after puberty. The curves in the studies had a merged line compatible. The Z values of exponential smoothing showed the curves were similar for body weight and had a right normal distribution.ConclusionsThe integrated index of UAC in Chinese children and adolescents indicated slightly variations with regions. Exponential curve smoothing was suitable for assessment at different developmental stages.
Highlights
Upper arm circumference (UAC) assessment reflects comprehensive growth in children, such as growth of skeleton, muscles, and subcutaneous fat, which has been used as an alternative indicator of nutritional status if collection of height and weight measurements was difficult
There are some differences in upper arm circumference (UAC) among different racial or ethnic groups: the general population and athletes or people who do physical labor for a living
The UAC measurements in these articles were all the same to the pediatric measuring method generally used as the attachment of halfway point of the acromion to olecranon as a measurement point
Summary
Upper arm circumference (UAC) assessment reflects comprehensive growth in children, such as growth of skeleton, muscles, and subcutaneous fat, which has been used as an alternative indicator of nutritional status if collection of height and weight measurements was difficult. There are some differences in UAC among different racial or ethnic groups: the general population and athletes or people who do physical labor for a living. There are these differences in adults, as well as the uncertainty of muscle development rates in. Upper arm development in children is different in different ethnic groups. There have been few reports on upper arm circumference (UAC) at different stages of development in children and adolescents in China. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for growth with weighted assessment of the overall level of development
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