Abstract
Abstract Sulfuric acid, perchloric acid or nitric acid were attempted to intercalate into 2nd stage GICs with BiCl 2 , NbCl 5 or InCl 3 as well as into a 4th stage ZnCl 2 GIC. In the case of 65% HNO 3 it was found that intercalation can only be achieved with the 4th stage ZnCl 2 GIC resulting in a biintercalation compound with two empty galleries per elementary cell remaining. In contrast, H 2 SO 4 and HCIO 4 formed saturated structures with all host lattices used as the starting material. Cyclovoltammetric measurements indicated that the insertion of H 2 SO 4 or HCIO 4 into the 4th stage ZnCl 2 GIC proceeds stepwise. During the cathodic sweep the acids are completely deintercalated, as can be proved by X-ray diffraction measurements. If the insertion of H 2 SO 4 into ZnCl 2 graphite is terminated before all free galleries are occupied, HClO 4 can be additionally inserted to form a triintercalation compound.
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