Uplink Linear Receivers for Multi-Cell Multiuser MIMO With Pilot Contamination: Large System Analysis

Abstract

Base stations with a large number of transmit antennas can potentially serve a large number of users at high rates. However, the receiver processing in the uplink relies on channel estimates, which are known to suffer from pilot interference. In this paper, making use of the similarity of the uplink received signal in CDMA with that of a multi-cell multi-antenna system, we perform a large system analysis when the receiver employs an MMSE filter with a pilot contaminated estimate. We assume a Rayleigh fading channel with different received powers from users. We find the asymptotic signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) as the number of antennas and number of users per base station grow larger while maintaining a fixed ratio. Through the SINR expression we explore the scenario where the number of users being served are comparable to the number of antennas at the base station. The SINR explicitly captures the effect of pilot contamination and is found to be the same as that employing a matched filter with a pilot contaminated estimate. We also find the exact expression for the interference suppression obtained using an MMSE filter, which is an important factor when there are a significant number of users in the system as compared to the number of antennas. In a typical set up, in terms of the five percentile SINR, the MMSE filter is shown to provide significant gains over matched filtering and is within 5 dB of MMSE filter with perfect channel estimate. Simulation results for achievable rates are close to large system limits for even a 10-antenna base station with 3 or more users per cell.