Abstract
The activity of polyphenolic compounds, triterpenoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls and antioxidants in leaves and rhizomes of Fallopia japonica Houtt and Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) grown in Poland was investigated. Leaves and rhizomes were assessed for the presence of bioactive compounds with the ultra-performance liquid chromatography photodiode detector-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS) method, and for antioxidant activity with the on-line UPLC-ABTS screening. Forty-six polyphenolic compounds (15 phenolic acids, 12 flavones and flavonols, 11 flavan-3-ols and 8 stilbenes), were identified in Fallopia japonica and Fallopia sachalinensis. Furthermore, accurate mass measurement technique was for the first time in Fallopia japonica Houtt and Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) in leaves and rhizomes it identified 25 new compounds belonging to carotenoids (9), chlorophylls (13) and triterpenoids (3) as well as rated the antioxidant properties of each polyphenolic compound. Major qualitative differences were found in the profiles. The leaves and rhizomes were found to be a good source not only of (average 20408.18 and 2716.42 mg/100 g dm), but also chlorophylls (average 179.97 and 43.82 mg/100 g dm), carotenoids (average 100.23 and 53.25 mg/100 g dm) and triterpenoids (average 580.87 and 434.05 mg/100 g dm). The content of bioactive compounds in Fallopia japonica Houtt was around 8.0, 4.0, 2.0 and 1.3 times higher than the content of polyphenols, chlorophylls, carotenoids and triterpenoids in Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt). The accurate identification of Fallopia bioactive compounds is an indispensable detailed knowledge of the profile and step toward better understanding of the medicinal properties of the species and also potentially more extensive use of the plant.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to identify, quantify and compare a broad range of potential health-promoting components by ultra-phase liquid chromatography (UPLC)-PDA-Q/TOF-MS, and their on-line UPLC-ABTS assay in leaves and rhizomes of Fallopia japonica Houtt and Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) grown in Poland
The identification and quantification of 46 compounds belonging to flavones and flavonols, phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and stilbenes was based on a comparison with available standards of their MS, MS/MS data and retention times and literatures [20,21,22,23].The results concerning polyphenolic compounds analyzed by a UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS system are summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Fig. 1
According to Shitasue et al [24], the content of polyphenolics in Fallopia japonica grown in Hoshigaoka, Nagoya was around 5.0 and 7.0 times lower and 1.5 and 2.0 times higher than the content of these compounds in leaves and rhizomes of Fallopia japonica Houtt and Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) after ethanol extract
Summary
Fallopia naturally occurs i.a. in Japan, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Korea, South-West China, Taiwan, Vietnam [1]. It occurs there in river valleys, at the edge of forests and at roadside. Growing up to a height of 3–5 m, rhizomes produce substances that inhibit the growth of other plants. 5–15 cm long, broad in shape is the plant grows very fast—young stems can grow up to 10–15 cm per day. It has thick, wide, dark yellow rhizomes in cross-section, with reddish or brown bark [2,3,4]
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