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Abstract
Light dewaxed oil was produced through dewaxing process of the light waxy distillate raffinate of crude oil from Western Desert of Egypt using methyl ethyl ketone/toluene mixed solvent. Hydrofinishing process was used to remove the non-hydrocarbon constituents and to improve the physicochemical properties of the produced oils such as color, viscosity index, inhibition responses, oxidation and thermal stability. The operating parameters which affected the quality of the hydrofinished oils were studied separately at different values that including reactor temperature, reactor pressure, liquid hourly space velocity and hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio. The optimum operating conditions to be adopted for producing high quality automatic transmission fluid base oil were reactor temperature 290 oC, pressure 130kg cm?2, liquid hourly space velocity 0.4 h?1 and hydrogen/hydrocarbon ratio 800 Nm3 M?3. The effect of changing hydrofinishing temperature and liquid hourly space velocity on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions as well as their thermodynamic parameters were estimated. Calculations of activation energy (Ea) and free energy of activation (ΔG) indicated that HDS was easier to occur than HDN and these reactions are more faster at higher temperatures. The effect of commercial and formulated additives on the quality of the hydrofinished oil was also studied. Automatic transmission fluid possessing the Dexron IID specification was produced by adding 7 wt% from Infenium T442 additive or by adding 9 wt% from Lubrizol ® 6701 D additive to the hydrofinished light dewaxed oil. Oils with the same efficiency were also produced using a formulated additive containing 4% viscosity index improver, 1.5% anti-oxidant and 1% anti-wear. The effect of increasing Infenium T442, Lubrizol R 6701 D and formulated additive percents on the protection efficiency of the automatic transmission fluid was studied through AC impedance technique. According to this technique, the effect of these additives on the corrosion rate of carbon steel coupons can be negligible.
Highlights
Lubricating oils play a crucial role in both domestic and industrial processes
Calculation of the protection efficiency through impedance measurements: The protection efficiency P, of any particular compound was calculated from the impedance data by applying the following relation[27]: Hydrofinishing operating parameters and the production of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs): The production of ATF from LDWO through the catalytic hydrofinishing process and the influence of different operating parameters on the process have been studied
The light dewaxed oil produced from Western Desert of Egypt crude oils had a relatively high Viscosity index (VI) 96 and low pour point -30 oC
Summary
Lubricating oils play a crucial role in both domestic and industrial processes. Proper applications of lubricants increase the lifetime and efficiency of machinery and decrease long-term costs in terms of energy consumption, maintenance requirements and reduce operating temperatures. Lubricants are used for the following requirements: minimizing frictions at the interfaces, protection of the sensitive surfaces from rust and corrosion, the dissipation of the heat generated in the interfaces, help in the creation of seals, neutralize residues and removal or prevention of the interference of foreign matters into the interfaces. Petroleum mineral oils, which have many applications, are produced from the residue of atmospheric distillation. The initial process that determine the grade of the produced base oil is the refining of feedstocks through vacuum distillation of fuel oils[6,7,8]. Light waxy distillate (LWD), medium waxy distillate (MWD) and heavy waxy distillate (HWD) are used to produce special and neutral oils, while the vacuum residue is used to produce bright stock oil after propane deasphalting[9,10,11]
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