Abstract
In addition to active energy management, this article proposes active planning as another critical feature of active distribution networks (ADNs). To develop this set of tasks, this article introduces a three-layer active planning framework consisting of a physical layer, cyber layer, and socioeconomic layer. Furthermore, a three-step developing strategy for ADNs based on a virtual microgrid (VM) is put forward. Then, according to this framework, this article focuses on a specific and fundamental issue that often arises: the optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG). A two-stage scheme based on VMs is a proposed solution. In the first stage, VM boundaries are determined based on the characteristics of a network structure. Using the identified VM boundaries as constraints, a bilevel hierarchical optimization method is applied to determine the optimal DG allocation in the second stage. The proposed method is verified in the popular PG&E 69-bus distribution network.
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