Upgrade of ATLAS Hadronic Tile Calorimeter for the High Luminosity LHC

Abstract

The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is a sampling hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment, with steel as absorber and plastic scintillators as active medium. The High-Luminosity phase of Large Hadron Collider (LHC), delivering five times the LHC nominal instantaneous luminosity, is expected to begin operation in 2028. The TileCal will require new electronics to meet the requirements of a 1 MHz trigger, higher ambient radiation, and to ensure better performance under high pile-up conditions. Both the on- and off-detector TileCal electronics will be replaced during the long-shutdown of 2025-2027. Photo-multiplier signals from every TileCal cell will be digitized and sent directly to the back-end electronics, where the signals are reconstructed, stored, and sent to the Level-1 trigger at a rate of 40 MHz. This will provide better precision of the calorimeter signals used by the trigger system and will allow the development of more complex trigger algorithms. The modular front-end electronics feature radiation-tolerant commercial off-the-shelf components and redundant design to minimise single points of failure. The timing, control. and communication interface with the off-detector electronics is implemented with modern Field Programmable Gate Arrays and high-speed fibre optic links running up to 9.6 Gb/s. The TileCal upgrade program has included extensive research, development, and test-beam studies. The ongoing developments for on- and off-detector systems, as well as upcoming test-beam campaigns will be discussed.