Abstract
Any microorganism is capable of causing urinary tract infections (UTI). However, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of UTI. A variety of virulence genes have been identified in UPEC. Diverse epidemiological studies support that specific subsets of genes are characteristic of each E. coli uropathogenic subtype involved in the development of cystitis, pyelonephritis, and urosepsis. Twenty-three E. coli strains isolated from women with cystitis, 25 from men with prostatitis were characterized according to serotype, virulence genes, PFGE profile and susceptibility antimicrobials. E. coli O25:H4-ST131 was more frequently isolated from cystitis than prostatitis. The majority of cystitis strains presented almost all the virulence genes, contrary to 60% of prostatitis strains. The strains characterized by serology, PFGE and MLST and virulence profile showed that cystitis strains shared a lineage with their own genomic fingerprint, indicating that these strains derived from a common ancestor. The prostatitis strains showed serotypes diverse and much higher degree of genetic diversity, indicating that they are an unrelated group. More than 50% of isolates were resistant to at least 7 of the antimicrobials tested. Antibiotic-tolerant cells were observed, presenting with more frequency in response chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfometoxazole and dicloxicillin. Persister cells can be detected from the beginning of the infection. The importance of these persister cells that exhibit multidrug tolerance is that a single surviving bacterium can initiate again an infection making it clinical relevant in the chronic urinary tract infection.
Highlights
Any microorganism is capable of causing urinary tract infections (UTI)
The genes fimH, papD, sfa, uspA, ipaH, hofB and hofC were detected in 100% of the strains; while cnf1 and sat were detected in 95.6%; the aerobactin was in 91.3%; hly was detected in 73.9%; and the yad and foc genes only were detected in 8.6%, that correspond to 2 strains
Various epidemiological studies support the notion that specific subsets of genes are characteristic of each of the E. coli uropathogenic subtypes involved in the development of cystitis, pyelonephritis, and urosepsis [10,11,24,25]
Summary
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of UTI. Methodology: Twenty-three E. coli strains isolated from women with cystitis, 25 from men with prostatitis were characterized according to serotype, virulence genes, PFGE profile and susceptibility antimicrobials. The majority of cystitis strains presented almost all the virulence genes, contrary to 60% of prostatitis strains. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infectious diseases in the general population. Many host factors increase UTI susceptibility, the most common being the obstruction of the normal urinary flow leading to stasis. Adult women with acute cystitis-urethritis may refer suprapubic tenderness upon physical examination, with the typical signs and symptoms being acute onset of dysuria, urgency and increased frequency of urination. Men with acute prostatitis complain of fever, chills, and both perineal and low-back pain together with dysuria and increased frequency of urination. Physical examination of the prostate in acute prostatitis patients should be avoided because of severe pain, and because manipulation of the prostate increases the risk of bacteremia [6]
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