Abstract
List of Abbreviations AASLD: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases AFP: Alpha-Fetoprotein AHA: American Heart Association AI: Artificial Intelligence ALD: Alcohol-related Liver Disease ALT: Alanineaminotransferase API: Active pharmaceutical ingredient APASL: Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver APRI: AST/platelet ratio ASH: Alcoholic Steatohepatitis AST: Aspartate aminotransferase ATI: Attenuation Imaging AUC: Area under the curve AUROC: Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve BMI: Body-Mass-Index CAP: Controlled Attenuation Parameter CDT: Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin CHE: Cholinesterase CIL: Cilofexor CMV: Cytomegalovirus CT: Computed Tomography CVC: Cenicriviroc DECT: Dual-Energy CT DM: Duodenal Mucosa DPP4: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 %EWL: Percentage Excess Weight Loss EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver EBV: Epstein-Barr Virus ELF: Enhanced Liver Fibrosis ELIVATE: Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of the Combination of Tropifexor & Licogliflozin and Each Monotherapy, Compared with Placebo in Adult Patients with NASH and Liver Fibrosis. EPA: Ethyl Eicosapentaenic Acid ERCP: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ESG: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty EtG: Ethylglucuronid F1–F4: Stages of Liver Fibrosis 1–4 FASCINATE: Study of TVB-2640 in Subjects with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) FASN: Fatty Acid Synthase FF: Fat Fraction FGF: Fibroblast Growth Factor FIR: Firsocostat FLI: Fatty Liver Index FLINT: The Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Ligand Obeticholic Acid in NASH Treatment Trial FLIGHT-FXR: Study of Safety and Efficacy of Tropifexor (LJN452) in Patients with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis FPG: Fasting Plasma Glucose FXR: Farnesoid X Receptor γ-GT: Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase GI: Gastrointestinal GLP-1: Glucagon-like Peptide 1 GOT: Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase GPT: Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase HA: Hyaluronic Acid HAV: Hepatitis A Virus HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c HBV: Hepatitis B Virus HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma HCV: Hepatitis C Virus HDL: High-Density Lipoprotein HDV: Hepatitis D Virus HEV: Hepatitis E Virus HIS: Hepatic Steatosis Index Histo: Histology HOMA: Homeostasis Model Assessment HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment – Insulin Resistance HVPG: Hepatic-Venous Pressure Gradient iCCa: Intrahepatic CholangiIocarcinoma IDF: International Diabetes Federation IQR: Interquartile Range LDL: Low-Density Lipoprotein LFS: Liver Fat Score LSG: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy LT: Liver Transplantation MAFLD: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease MDB: Mallory-Denk-Bodies Met: Metformin mo: Month MRCP: Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography MRE: Magnetic Resonance Elastography MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRS: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy n3 PUFA: n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid NAFLD: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease NAS: NAFLD Activity Score NFS: NAFLD Fibrosis Score NASH: Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH CRN: NASH Clinical Research Network NHLBI: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute NPV: Negative Predictive Value OAGB: One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass OCA: Obeticholic Acid OGTT: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OTC: Over the Counter Pat.: Patient PCOS: Polycystic ovary Syndrom PDFF: Proton Density Fat-Fraction PEth: Phosphatidylethanol PIIINP: Procollagen III peptide Pio: Pioglitazone PMID: PubMed Identifier p. o.: per os PPAR: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor PPV: Positive Predictive Value Prosp.: Prospective PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids RYGB: Roux-Y Gastric Bypass SCD-1: Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 SG: Sleeve Gastrectomy SGLT2: Sodium Dependent Glucose Co-transporter 2 SWE: Shear-Wave Elastography %TWL: Percentage Total Weight Loss T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus TANDEM: Study of Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of a Combination Treatment of LJN452 and CVC in Adult Patients ith NASH and Liver Fibrosis TBWL: Total Body Weight Loss TE: Transient Elastography TG: Triclyceride THRß: Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Beta TIMP-1: Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 TZD: Thiazolidindione UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic Acid US: Ultrasound VCTE: Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography Vit C: Vitamin C Vit E: Vitamin E
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