Abstract
The Floresta Nacional Mário Xavier (FNMX) is a reserve located in the Municipality of Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. It is an area with intense anthropic activity and is one of the last remaining forests of the Baixada Fluminense. An inventory of the anurans of the FNMX was performed and the results compared with those of a previous species list for the area. Thirteen excursions were conducted, totaling more than 416 hours of sampling effort. Twenty-six species belonging to five families were found: Bufonidae (one species), Hylidae (15 species), Leptodactylidae (six species), Microhylidae (three species) and Phyllomedusidae (one species). Six species on the previous list were not found in this study. Sphaenorhynchus planicola is a new record for the area. Two species are endangered: Chiasmocleis lacrimae and Physalaemus soaresi, the latter being considered critically endangered by the List of Brazilian Fauna Threatened with Extinction.
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