Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a worldwide problem, the consistent growth of the incidence increment issues about management of risk factors and curative treatment. Updated statistical data are not complete in the North East region of Romania and need to be improved. Therefore, through this study, we aim to renew the existing data on thyroid cancer. We conducted a retrospective study covering a period of 10 years. Data were collected from a hospital information system (InfoWorld) between 2009 and 2019. Patients’ age groups were stratified in relation with the age at the moment of the Chernobyl event. A database was obtained (Microsoft Excel) and statistical correlations were applied. In the studied period, 1159 patients were diagnosed: 968 females and 191 males, distributed by region, with the highest addressability in Iasi (529), followed by neighboring counties. Age distribution displayed that most of the thyroid cancers were in the range 4060 years old (50.94%), followed by 60–80 years old (32.41%). Most patients were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma 63.10%, then follicular 14.7%, medullary 6.74% and undifferentiated 1.02%. Romania was in the vicinity of the radioactive cloud at Chernobyl fallout, so we must deliberate whether the increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the age group 40–60 years is associated with radiogenicity (iodine 131) given the fact that over has 35 years and the half-life of other radioisotopes like Caesium-137 and Strontium -90 is completed.
Highlights
Considering that current information, after the Chernobyl fallout, showed that the incidence of thyroid carcinoma is increased in those exposed to nuclear radiation [7], our aim is to show whether the incidence of thyroid cancers in the North East region of Romania in the past 10 years is related to Chernobyl radiation exposure or not
Similar results showed that 63.10% were papillary carcinomas in our study compared to a total of 71% in EUROCARE-5; 14.7% were follicular carcinomas compared to a total of 15% in the European study, displaying almost identical result between these two types of carcinomas
Comparing with Eastern Europe’s results, our numbers showed that papillary carcinoma incidence was similar between our region and Estonia and Latvia, and follicular carcinoma was similar between our region and Bulgaria, Czech Rep., Latvia, Estonia and Slovakia
Summary
The incidence of thyroid carcinoma is increasing worldwide (3% of all cancer incidence) [1] and well differentiated thyroid carcinoma is expected to be the fourth most common cancer in 2030 [2]. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) showed an upward trend worldwide, as written by Deng et al The three highest incidence countries are. Increased incidence has been reported in Europe with an overall 5-year age-standardized relative survival of 88% in women and 81% in men. In the latter case, 5-year relative survival was 5–7 percentage points lower than in women in most European countries [5]
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