Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux is defined as a common physiologic phenomenon encountered intermittently by a large population, especially following a feed. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens if the number of gastric juice that refluxes into the esophagus passes the accepted limit, making symptoms with or without correlated esophageal mucosal injury (i.e., esophagitis). Diagnosis and treatment guidelines of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were announced in 1995 and updated in 2005 and lastly reviewed in 2013 by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). These and other guidelines undergo periodic review. Advances continue to be made in GERD, leading us to review and revise previous guideline statements. Here we aimed to review the different updated guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A web-based search utilizing the advanced characteristics of different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases was carried out.
 Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Updates, Guidelines, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Highlights
The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines define gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as "symptoms or complications occurring from the gastric reflux into the esophagus or beyond, into the oral cavity or lung" [1]
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be characterized as related to the erosions; GERD symptoms without erosions on endoscopic examination constitute non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), whereas GERD symptoms with erosions constitute erosive esophagitis (EE) [1]
In Saudi Arabia, in three studies carried in Riyad, the West region, and the South region, the prevalence of GERD was 45.4% and 23.47% and 15%, respectively [5, 6]
Summary
The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines define gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as "symptoms or complications occurring from the gastric reflux into the esophagus or beyond, into the oral cavity (including larynx) or lung" [1]. Erosive esophagitis (EE), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), and Barrett's esophagus are the three phenotypic presentations of GERD [2]. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were announced in 1995 and updated in 2005 and lastly reviewed in 2013 by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). These and other guidelines undergo periodic review. We aimed to review the different updated guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A web-based search utilizing the advanced characteristics of different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases was carried out
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