Updated Global Estimates of Respiratory Mortality in Adults ≥30Years of Age Attributable to Long-Term Ozone Exposure.

Abstract

Background:Relative risk estimates for long-term ozone () exposure and respiratory mortality from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (ACS CPS-II) cohort have been used to estimate global mortality in adults. Updated relative risk estimates are now available for the same cohort based on an expanded study population with longer follow-up.Objectives:We estimated the global burden and spatial distribution of respiratory mortality attributable to long-term exposure in adults of age using updated effect estimates from the ACS CPS-II cohort.Methods:We used GEOS-Chem simulations ( grid resolution) to estimate annual exposures, and estimated total respiratory deaths in 2010 that were attributable to long-term annual exposure based on the updated relative risk estimates and minimum risk thresholds set at the minimum or fifth percentile of exposure in the most recent CPS-II analysis. These estimates were compared with attributable mortality based on the earlier CPS-II analysis, using 6-mo average exposures and risk thresholds corresponding to the minimum or fifth percentile of exposure in the earlier study population.Results:We estimated 1.04–1.23 million respiratory deaths in adults attributable to exposures using the updated relative risk estimate and exposure parameters, compared with 0.40–0.55 million respiratory deaths attributable to exposures based on the earlier CPS-II risk estimate and parameters. Increases in estimated attributable mortality were larger in northern India, southeast China, and Pakistan than in Europe, eastern United States, and northeast China.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the potential magnitude of health benefits of air quality policies targeting , health co-benefits of climate mitigation policies, and health implications of climate change-driven changes in concentrations, are larger than previously thought. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1390