Abstract
An updated and annotated checklist of mammals occurring in Brazil is presented. A total of 751 native species, distributed in 249 genera, 51 families and 11 orders were recorded to the country. The Brazilian mammalian fauna shows an elevated rate of endemism (30%; 223 species). Among the species evaluated by IUCN (668 species; 90%), a total of 80 (10.6% of total mammalian fauna) are Threatened, 28 (3.9%) are considered as Near Threatened, two species (0.3%) are presumable Extinct, 96 (12.8%) are considered with Deficient Data for conservation and 462 (61.6%) are considered as Least Concern. Fifteen new species were described since the last national compilation (published in 2017), which associated to new records to the country and synonimizations resulted in an increment of 30 species. Eight non-native species were introduced to the country, including the recently established Asiatic cervids Rusa unicolor (sambar) and Axis axis (chital). Seven native species (five primates and two hystricomorph rodents) have been translocated from their areas of natural occurrence to other areas inside the country.
Highlights
More than 6,400 mammal species are recognized worldwide
An extensive research on all information published from 2012 to August 2019 was made on platforms Google, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science, using as search terms the name of each genus and family presented on each previous lists (Paglia et al 2012, Percequillo & Gregorin 2017) associated to “Brazil” and “New”
Brazilian mammalogy is passing through an accelerated period of investigative taxonomy
Summary
More than 6,400 mammal species are recognized worldwide. The Neotropics is the most diverse biogeographic realm, comprising around 25% of the mammalian diversity (Burgin et al 2018). The last compilation of mammals from Brazil (Percequillo & Gregorin 2017) listed a total of 721 species (or 778 valid nominal taxa, including subspecies) This list was produced as part of a joint effort of the Brazilian Society of Zoology aiming to produce an online database of the Brazilian fauna. It brought an accretion of 20 species in relation to the previous list of mammals occurring in Brazil (Paglia et al 2012) and represents a very useful reference for the diversity of the group in the country. Several new taxa described posteriorly to Paglia et al (2012) were omitted by Percequillo & Gregorin (2017)
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