Update on the use of fibrates: focus on bezafibrate

Abstract

Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well established coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor. However, the ability of this metabolic risk factor alone to identify individuals at risk for future CHD events is limited. The raised triglycerides-low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidemia was shown to be an important cardiovascular risk factor independently of LDL-C levels. Fibric acid derivatives (fi brates) have been used in clinical practice for more than 2 decades as a class of agents known to decrease triglyceride levels while substantially increasing HDL-C levels. Through peroxisome proliferator-activated α-receptors, fi brates have a signifi cant impact on the synthesis of several apolipoproteins and enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism as well as on the expression of several genes involved in fi brinolysis and infl ammation. Data from recent primary and secondary prevention clinical trials demonstrate the effi cacy of fi brate therapy in patients with the raised triglycerides-low HDL-C dyslipidemia. This review summarizes current data regarding mechanism of action and the metbolic effects of fi brates, as well as results from major clinical trials on the effi cacy of this mode of lipid lowering therapy. In addition, recent data from subgroup analyses of the Bezafi brate Infarction Prevention trial, demonstrating several important metabolic and long-term cardiovascular effects of bezafi brate therapy, are detailed.