Abstract
Protein homeostasis is fundamental to cell function and survival. It relies on an interconnected network of processes involving protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification and degradation as well as regulators of these processes. Here we provide an update on the roles, regulation and subcellular localization of the protein homeostasis machinery in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. We discuss emerging ideas and current research gaps in the field that, if tackled, increase our understanding of how Gram-positive bacteria, including several human pathogens, maintain protein homeostasis and cope with stressful conditions that challenge their survival.
Highlights
The main components of the proteostasis network are the ancient and evolutionary conserved chaperones and proteases, which assist in protein folding and degrade specific protein substrates, respectively (Powers and Balch, 2013; Balchin et al, 2016; Olivares et al, 2016)
Even though eukaryotic proteomes are typically much larger and complex and contain more aggregation-prone proteins than those of prokaryotes, no new core chaperones appear to have emerged during billion years of evolution (Rebeaud et al, 2021)
Even though the general mechanisms of action and structures of DnaK, GroEL, and trigger factor (TF) chaperones are widely conserved among organisms, their specific roles and their contributions to proteostasis maintenance differ between bacteria
Summary
Reviewed by: Pierre Genevaux, FR3743 Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), France Erhard Bremer, University of Marburg, Germany. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Microbial Physiology and Metabolism, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology. Protein homeostasis is fundamental to cell function and survival. It relies on an interconnected network of processes involving protein synthesis, folding, posttranslational modification and degradation as well as regulators of these processes. We provide an update on the roles, regulation and subcellular localization of the protein homeostasis machinery in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. We discuss emerging ideas and current research gaps in the field that, if tackled, increase our understanding of how Gram-positive bacteria, including several human pathogens, maintain protein homeostasis and cope with stressful conditions that challenge their survival
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