Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common debilitating neurological disorders that lead to severe socio-cognitive dysfunction. While there are currently more than 30 antiseizure medications available for the treatment and prevention of seizures, none address the prevention of epileptogenesis that leading to the development of epilepsy following a potential brain insult. Hence, there is a growing need for the identification of accurate biomarkers of epileptogenesis that enable the prediction of epilepsy following a known brain insult. Although recent studies using various neuroimages and electroencephalography have found promising biomarkers of epileptogenesis, their utility needs to be further validated in larger clinical trials. In this literature review, we searched the Medline, Pubmed, and Embase databases using the following search algorithm: “epileptogenesis” and “biomarker” and “EEG” or “electroencephalography” or “neuroimaging” limited to publications in English. We presented a comprehensive overview of recent innovations in the role of neuroimaging and EEG in identifying reliable biomarkers of epileptogenesis.
Highlights
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting around 70 million people worldwide
One potential reason is that current accessible ASMs merely prevent one from having further spontaneous seizures but do not directly affect or alter the underlying cause contributing to epileptogenesis [4, 5]
The result is again validated in the lower resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [16]. These results suggest that the quantitative T2 MRI can be used as a reliable neuroimaging biomarker following febrile status epilepticus (FSE) for brain injury and structural alterations at the onset of epileptogenesis
Summary
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting around 70 million people worldwide. Epilepsy is getting increased public health attention as patients with epilepsy have a noticeable reduction in quality of life and employment prospects [2]. Antiseizure medication (ASMs) are considered the first-line treatment of epilepsy, it is still widely recognized that nearly one-third of epileptic patients have drug-resistant epilepsy in which seizures are unable to be controlled with at least two appropriately ASMs [3]. One potential reason is that current accessible ASMs merely prevent one from having further spontaneous seizures but do not directly affect or alter the underlying cause contributing to epileptogenesis [4, 5]. Through plentiful scientific research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy over the past several decades, there has been an increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis
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