Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Autoimmunity against putative antigens shared by the thyroid and the orbit plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Supportive approaches can control symptoms and signs in mild cases. In severe active disease, glucocorticoid and/or orbital radiotherapy are the main treatments. In inactive disease with proptosis, orbital decompression can be preferred. Miscellaneous treatments such as immunosuppressive drugs, somatostatin analogs, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulins and anticytokine therapies have been used in patients who are resistant to conventional treatments. Key words: Thyroid ophthalmopathy; Glucocorticoid; Radiotherapy; Orbital decompression surgery
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