Update on regional anaesthesia in intraocular surgery.

Abstract

Retrobulbar anaesthesia is a valuable alternative not only for polymorbid and haemodynamically compromised patients. Complications are rare but may be devastating. Principally, any intraocular surgery can be made under local anaesthesia. There are only a few contraindications to regional anaesthesia such as denial against regional anaesthesia, allergy to local anaesthetics, local infection, severe orthopnea, insufficiently controlled psychiatric disorders or small children and non-cooperative patients. The success rate of retrobulbar anaesthesia in terms of control of intraoperative discomfort approaches 100% with an intraconal injection in 94% and a distribution of fluid into the intraconal space in 97%. Based on the recent literature, the present review compares techniques, describes possible complications and in the absence of evidence-based studies provides suggestions for the handling of patients under thrombocyte aggregation inhibitor and vitamin K antagonist therapy and anticoagulation.