Abstract
Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in Wuhan City, China, in late 2019, such cases have been gradually reported in other parts of China and abroad. Children have become susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of their immature immune function. As the outbreak has progressed, more cases of novel coronavirus infection/pneumonia in children have been reported. Compared with adults, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less severe, with a lower incidence and susceptibility in children, which results in fewer children being tested, thereby underestimating the actual number of infections. Therefore, strengthening the diagnosis of the disease is particularly important for children, and early and clear diagnosis can determine treatment strategies and reduce the harm caused by the disease to children. According to the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (trial version 7) issued by National Health Committee and the latest diagnosis and treatment strategies for novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in children, this review summarizes current strategies on diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
Highlights
Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in Wuhan City, China, in late 2019, such cases have been gradually reported in other parts of China and abroad
Current reported data of infected populations revealed that the ages of those infected with the disease ranged from 36 h to 96 years, with no significant gender difference
After severe acute respiratory infection (SARS)⁃CoV⁃2 comes into contact with the human respiratory tract, the spike protein of the virus binds to the surface receptor of sensitive cells, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which mediates viral entry into type II alveolar epithelial cells to facilitate virus proliferation and spread
Summary
The patient’s SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test was positive, but there are no clinical symptoms. (2) Septic shock: in addition to severe pulmonary infection, SARS-COV-2 can cause damage and dysfunction of other organs. When dysfunction of the extrapulmonary system, such as circulation, blood, and digestive system, occurs, the possibility of sepsis and septic shock should be considered and the mortality rate increases significantly. (3) Accompanied by other organ failure that requires intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring and treatment
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