Abstract
We completed this review to update readers on the current literature and controversies surrounding different approaches to permanent female contraception. Permanent contraception continues to be a popular method of pregnancy prevention. The withdrawal of the Essure® hysteroscopic approach to permanent contraception from the US market and the increased use of salpingectomy to decrease risk of ovarian cancer have changed options available to women. Current studies support allowing adult women who desire no future pregnancies to access permanent contraception regardless of age, parity, or marital status. Permanent contraception may offer particular benefit to women with complex medical issues, and those who decline hormonal contraception or intrauterine devices. We also discuss the development of new methods of permanent contraception, including the FemBloc® system and polidocanol foam. Permanent contraception remains an important option for women who have completed desired family size as it results in long-term, non-hormonal prevention of pregnancy. Women should be thoroughly counseled on the different methods of permanent contraception as well as the risks and benefits.
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