Update on pathogenesis, management, and treatment of hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Abstract

Hypertension is a common early finding in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Improvements in screening and diagnosis of ADPKD have allowed earlier diagnosis, later onset of end-stage renal disease, and better survival. However, the main and most effective therapy remains control of hypertension. Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor in ADPKD. Therefore, early management of hypertension reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events in ADPKD patients. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in ADPKD. Therapies that block the RAAS have improved patient management, blood pressure control, and ADPKD patient survival. This review highlights the current understanding of the epidemiology, potential pathogenetic mechanisms and proposes a strategy for the treatment and management of hypertension in ADPKD.