Update on ORS Usage in Pakistan: Results of a National Study

Abstract

1 Abstract: Diarrhea disease continues to rank as one of the leading causes of child mortality throughout the world. It is estimated that 1 billion episodes of diarrhea occur in young children each year, The World Health Organization has recommended the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) for the treatment of dehydration associated with diarrhea. Numerous studies have documented the effectiveness of ORS in treating diarrhea and reducing mortality. Diarrheal disease in Pakistan has been identified as the major cause of child mortality in Pakistan, accounting for an estimated 200,000 - 300,000 deaths each year. This paper reports the results of a nationwide survey conducted in Pakistan to obtain information regarding the practices of mothers concerning child health care and factors that influence these practices. The purpose of the survey was to collect baseline data on a variety of issues, in order to develop effective health education programs and evaluate ongoing ones. Within the context of two theoretical models (diffusion of innovation and stages of change), adoption practices of the population with respect to use of ORT treatment are described and assessed. These results pose new challenges to health care professionals in their ability to influence and persuade adoption of effective public health practices. Recommendations are provided as how to modify the misconceptions of mothers with young children in the treatment of diarrhea.