Abstract
Sleep disturbance after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has received growing interest in recent years, garnering many publications. Insomnia is highly prevalent within the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) population and is a subtle, frequently persistent complaint that often goes undiagnosed. For individuals with mTBI, problems with sleep can compromise the recovery process and impede social reintegration. This article updates the evidence on etiology, epidemiology, prognosis, consequences, differential diagnosis, and treatment of insomnia in the context of mild TBI. This article aims to increase awareness about insomnia following mTBI in the hopes that it may improve diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of sleeping disturbance in this population while revealing areas for future research.
Highlights
IntroductionTraumatic injury (TBI)(TBI) isisaaleading leadingcause causeofofdisability disabilityinin the United States
References for this narrative review were obtained using a search of online databases PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAL, and COCHRANE (Figure 1). These online databases were used to search for papers published after the year 2000 using keywords: mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, concussion, insomnia, sleep disturbance, and treatment
One study found no significant difference in sleep and rapid eye movement (REM)
Summary
(TBI) isisaaleading leadingcause causeofofdisability disabilityinin the United States. Traumatic brain brain injury the TheThe. Control and Prevention recently reported that in there were. 2.8 million cases of Disease Control and Prevention recently reported that in 2013 there were 2.8 million cases of TBITBI-related. ER visits, hospitalizations, and deaths [1]. Of the annual cases of traumatic brain injury, related ER visits, hospitalizations, and deaths [1]. Of the annual cases of traumatic brain injury, the the
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