Update on adolescent contraception

Abstract

Recent advances in OCPs include less androgenic progestins and lower doses of ethinyl estradiol. All low-dose OCPs are safe in terms of venous thrombosis risk in appropriately chosen patients. DMPA is a safe and effective long-acting contraceptive agent; clinical attention should be directed to its most common side effect, irregular bleeding. DMPA does not seem to affect mood, and it is uncertain what impact it has on weight changes. More research needs to be conducted on its impact on adolescent bone metabolism. Norplant continues to be the only subdermal contraceptive implant marketed in the United States. It provides safe and effective contraception and has the best continuation rate of all types of hormonal contraception. Its most common side effect is irregular bleeding. Norplant may be especially well suited for adolescents who have recently been pregnant or who are not tolerating other types of contraception. Emergency postcoital contraception continues to be underused in the United States, with a lack of awareness among patients and clinicians. Mechanisms of action include a delay in ovulation and interference with implantation. Research and public health groups are striving to increase patient and provider awareness and use of emergency contraception.