Update of antimicrobial resistance in level III and IV health institutions in Colombia between January 2018 and December 2021

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is a fundamental tool for the development, improvement, and adjustment of antimicrobial stewardship programs, therapeutic guidelines, and universal precautions to limit the cross-transmission of resistant bacteria between patients. Since the beginning of 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic profoundly challenged the health system and, according to some reports, increased the rates of antimicrobial resistance. To describe the behavior of antimicrobial resistance of the most frequent bacterial pathogens in twenty Colombian hospitals from January 2018 to December 2021. We conducted a descriptive study based on the microbiological information recorded from January 2018 to December 2021 in twenty levels III and IV health institutions in twelve Colombian cities. We identified the species of the ten most frequent bacteria along with their resistance profile to the antibiotic markers after analyzing the data through WHONET. We found no statistically significant changes in most pathogens’ resistance profiles from January 2018 to December 2021. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a statistically significant increase in its resistance profile, particularly to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems. The changes in antimicrobial resistance in these four years were not statistically significant except for P. aeruginosa to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems.