Abstract

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is a type of hazardous waste generated from waste incineration plants. This study developed a novel approach that recycled MSWI fly ash into eco-friendly binders via flue gas-enhanced wet carbonation treatment. During various washing processes, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in MSWI fly ash showed different leaching patterns and pH dependence. Results suggested that 30 min flue gas-enhanced washing (optimal pH = ∼10.5) was favourable for immobilization of PTEs as well as sequestration of CO2 (12 wt %). The 28-day compressive strength of the pastes with 30 wt % flue gas-washed MSWI fly ash reached 84.2 MPa, which was significantly higher than the control pastes. Most of the PTEs, chlorides were effectively stabilised and solidified in the matrix. Compared to the cement-based binder, the cost of an alternative binder with 30 wt % flue gas-washed MSWI fly ash was −229.6 USD/m3, and the carbon emissions could be reduced by 36.1 %. Therefore, recycling carbonated MSWI fly ash into green binders exhibits a huge potential to close the waste cycle and mitigate climate change.

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