Upcycling and Recycling Potential of Selected Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass.

Anita Wronka,Grzegorz Kowaluk,Eduardo Robles

doi:10.3390/ma14247772

Abstract

This research aimed to confirm the ability to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by novel composite production using plantation waste on the example of lignocellulosic particles of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Furthermore, to characterize the particles produced by re-milled particleboards made of the above-mentioned alternative raw materials in the light of further recycling. As part of the research, particleboards from wooden black chokeberry and raspberry were produced in laboratory conditions, and select mechanical and physical properties were examined. In addition, the characterization of raw materials (particles) on the different processing stages was determined, and the fraction share and shape of particles after re-milling of the produced panels was provided. The tests confirmed the possibility of producing particleboards from the raw materials used; however, in the case of boards with raspberry lignocellulose particles, their share cannot exceed 50% so as to comply with the European standards regarding bending strength criterion. In addition, the further utilization of chips made of re-milled panels can be limited due to the significantly different shape and fraction share of achieved particles.

Highlights

IntroductionSociety’s awareness of caring for the Earth is growing. The growing amount of waste is a problem, with its storage and greater carbon dioxide emissions
Every year, society’s awareness of caring for the Earth is growing
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) (Figure 2) and black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) (Figure 3) wooden stalks were used for the current work

Summary

Introduction

Society’s awareness of caring for the Earth is growing. The growing amount of waste is a problem, with its storage and greater carbon dioxide emissions. In the case of fruit bushes grown in Poland, which are pruned each year, their branches are often left in the field or are burned. It can be used as a biofuel to avoid wasting energy, but it is not yet a common practice in Poland. It is necessary to explore using other lignocellulosic materials that will fully or partially replace the wood raw material. This attempt to move into the broad utilization of renewable biopolymers was suggested by Bari and collaborators [1]. Some attempts have already been made that have been proven to be more or less effective, for this purpose, materials such as pepper stalks [2], sugarcane [3,4], almond shell [5], apple and plum branches [6], bamboo chips [7], straw [8], wheat straw and corn pith [9], kiwi prunings [10], coffee husk [11], flax shiv [12], acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit [13], oil palm empty fruit bunch [14], and kenaf [15] were used

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion