Upconversion photon quantification of holmium and erbium ions in waveguide-adaptive germanate glasses

Abstract

Visible upconversion photons have been quantified precisely in Ho3+/Yb3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ doped waveguide-adaptive aluminum germanate (NMAG) glasses, and effective red and green upconversion emissions generated from Ho3+ and Er3+ were illustrated in contrast. The emission photon numbers are identified as a positive correlation with the laser power densities, and stronger dominance of red emission in the Ho3+/Yb3+ doped NMAG glasses and more effectiveness of photon generation in Er3+/Yb3+ doped case were proved. When the power density is 1227 W/cm2, the absolute quantum yields for red and green (660 and 548 nm) upconversion fluorescences are derived to be 2.41 × 10−5 and 0.17 × 10−5 in Ho3+/Yb3+ doped NMAG glasses, and the ones (665 and 548 nm) in Er3+/Yb3+ doped NMAG glasses are 4.26 × 10−5 and 1.44 × 10−5. The macroscopic quantization of red and green upconversion emissions in Ho3+/Yb3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ doped waveguide-adaptive NMAG glasses provides the original referenced data for developing upconversion waveguide-typed irradiation light sources.