Upconversion Nanoparticles Induce Lung Inflammatory, Immunologic and Pulmonary Injury in Vivo

Abstract

IntroductionEngineered nanoparticles which are developed for multiple uses are defined as those in which the one‐dimensional length is in the range of 1 – 100 nm. Nanoparticles enter the exposure pathway of the organism and are now known to enter the path via the respiratory tract, skin penetration, oral ingestion, and via injection. As an emerging optical nanomaterial, the study of the effects of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) on organisms has not yet been discussed. Recently, many studies use this UCNP for lung cancer treatment, so it can be detecting the deposition of the lungs, which will lead to the poisoning of lung tissue.ChallengeThe main effects on the lung tissue caused by the entry of the respiratory tract into the organism are cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, early pulmonary fibrosis, oxidative stress, inhibition of the immune system, increased chance of infection by microorganisms, and even cancer. But the toxicity test of nanoparticles. Technically, there is still no standard test method.ActionTo elucidate the UCNP‐induced cytotoxicity at the molecular level, we try to measure the gene expression changes in human THP‐1 derived macrophages exposed to UCNP for 24 h evaluating be affymetrix microarrays. To analyze the complicated genome‐wide gene expression data, we introduced a computational method to decipher the molecular cytotoxic mechanisms induced by UCNP exposure on the macrophages.ResolutionBased on the comprehensive and detailed molecular characterization of UCNP‐induced cytotoxicity, to our knowledge, it has not been achieved previously, and this study provides an important insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in UCNP‐induced lung inflammatory, immunologic and pulmonary Injury.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by Academia Sinica [AS‐SUMMIT‐108] to MH and Academia Sinica Joint Program Office [AS‐NTU‐108‐01] to MH.The actual operation of IT.Figure 1(a) The schematic imaging shows the IT drug administration. (b) The PLNs persistent luminescence can achieve an in vivo test that arrived at 6 hr. (c) The truly tumor size evaluation of lung tissue. (d) The luminescence of CL1‐5 cell line and PLN fluorescence signalFigure 2