Abstract
The effect of frequency upconversion (UC) was investigated in 0.05 and 2.00mol% Er2O3 doped in ZrO2 nanocrystals prepared by a sol-emulsion-gel process. Laser excitation at 1.426μm produced UC luminescence at ∼0.800, ∼0.525, ∼0.550, and ∼0.660μm corresponding to Er3+ transitions I9∕24→I15∕24, H11∕22→I15∕24, S3∕24→I15∕24, and F9∕24→I15∕24, respectively. The role played by excited state absorption and energy transfer mechanisms in the UC process was analyzed using rate equations for Er3+ energy level populations. The energy transfer rate between pairs of Er3+ ions (I9∕24+I13∕24→I15∕24+S3∕24) was determined from comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental data.
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