Abstract
This review addresses up-to-date applications of Protein Microarrays. Protein Microarrays play a significant role in basic research as well as in clinical applications and are applicable in a lot of fields, e.g., DNA, proteins and small molecules. Additionally they are on the way to enter clinics in routine diagnostics. Protein Microarrays can be powerful tools to improve healthcare. An overview of basic characteristics to mediate essential knowledge of this technique is given. To reach this goal, some challenges still have to be addressed. A few applications of Protein Microarrays in a medical context are shown. Finally, an outlook, where the potential of Protein Microarrays is depicted and speculations how the future of Protein Microarrays will look like are made.
Highlights
Microarrays play a significant role in basic research since many years and get more and more important for clinical applications and diagnostics
Between these methods a good correlation R2 = 0.97 exist. These kinds of assays are very flexible compared to the rigid Microarrays [61]; theoretically the bead set which is used can be individualized for every patient
Due to the bad quality of clinical trials since 2003 there are two Standards available that should improve the quality of clinical studies: Standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy (STARD) and quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) [70,71]
Summary
Microarrays play a significant role in basic research since many years and get more and more important for clinical applications and diagnostics. DNA-Microarrays were first used in research and became in the meantime a Microarrays 2015, 4 favored tool for gene expression, sequencing and detection of mutations. For this reason the actual state of this technology is quite mature. Microarrays still struggle to achieve a routine procedure, which is essential for use as standardized service in clinics or doctors’ office. Since there are only a few commercially available, PMAs are still in their infancy concerning daily routine use in clinics, which use lateral flow assays and ELISA as standard procedures. This review will not cover topics like immobilization strategies [1,2,3], standardization [4,5] and applications in cancer research [6,7] in detail, because these subjects are widely covered in literature and would go beyond the scope of this article
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