Abstract
Transmission of viruses by Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman to bees has been identified as one of the main threats to Apis mellifera L. colonies. It has also been suggested that synergistic parasite-pathogen interaction mediated by A. mellifera immunity can drive the collapse of honey bee colonies. We analyzed the relationship between deformed wing virus (DWV) viral load and gene expression levels of Toll Wheeler, cactus, domeless, TEPA, nitric oxide synthase, hymenoptaecin, vitellogenin, defensin, abaecin in winter bee samples of A. mellifera with and without deformed wings. Samples were collected from hives in the field with high V. destructor infestation. In bees with deformed wings we found an increase in DWV titre and upregulation of genes in the Jak-STAT signalling pathway
Highlights
Alarming increases in depopulation and the loss of in colonies of the South-eastern region of Buenos Aires bee colonies have been reported over the last few years province
Gene expression studies No statistically significant differences (p >0.05) were found for the expression levels of Toll Wheeler, Vg, defensin and abaecin mRNA in deformed wings (DW) bees when compared to normal wings (NW) (Fig. 1)
deformed wing virus (DWV) analysis High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis of DWV RT-qPCR products showed that amplifications of DW bees were primarily dominated by a single genotype cluster, which showed the same HRM profile in all analyzed samples
Summary
Alarming increases in depopulation and the loss of in colonies of the South-eastern region of Buenos Aires bee colonies have been reported over the last few years province. Viruses were detected in 33.3% of all samples globally (Le Conte et al, 2010; Potts et al, 2010). Relevance as honey bees pollinate natural and ABPV was not detected in any of the samples analyzed agricultural ecosystems worldwide. This critical situation (Brasesco et al, 2013). With beekeepers and genetic diversity of DWV in four Hawaiian Islands, across the country reporting cases of depopulation of finding differences in viral load and variations in hives and colony losses. Nationwide data for this available (Maggi et al, 2013). (2014) described the existence of variants of DWV
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