Up-milling and down-milling wood with different grain orientations – the cutting forces behaviour

Abstract

Peripheral milling of wood with up milling and down milling techniques is very well known from a geometrical point of view. However, in processing anisotropic materials such as wood, these geometrical aspects imply relevant differences when machining. In fact, milling of anisotropic material leads to different cutting geometries when up- or down-milling and when increasing or decreasing the depth of cut resulting in different grain orientations depending on the adopted process. In this paper, tests performed when processing Douglas Fir with different depths of cut and grain orientations are described. The cutting forces were measured, and the dependence of the cutting forces with respect on the cutting geometry are analysed and discussed.