Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the aggressive disorders in global society. No pharmacotherapy is available for permanent diabetes cure, although management is possible with drugs and physical activities. One of the recent complications noticed in type 2 diabetes mellitus includes diabetes-induced Alzheimer. It has been proposed that the possible diabetes-induced Alzheimer could be of type 3 diabetes. A variety of cross-sectional studies have proved that type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the factors responsible for the pathophysiology of Alzheimer. New drug molecules developed by pharmaceutical companies with adequate neuroprotective effect have demonstrated their efficacy in treatment of Alzheimer in various preclinical diabetic studies. Patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus may show the benefit with existing drugs but may not cause complete cure. Extensive studies are being carried out to find new drug molecules that show their potential as antidiabetic drug and could treat type 2 diabetes-induced Alzheimer as well. This review provides an overview about the recent advancement in pharmacotherapy of diabetes-induced Alzheimer. The pathomechanistic links between diabetes and Alzheimer as well as neurochemical changes in diabetes-induced Alzheimer are also briefed.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic disorders among noncommunicable diseases that affect a vast population in both developing and developed nations.[1]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is connected with multiple risk factors (Figure 1), and about 60% to 70% of the diabetic individuals showed placid to rigorous forms of nervous system damage leading to Alzheimer disease.[4]
Effects of aging from glucose metabolism after the oral glucose challenge test were reported in aged Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) positive (þ) Fischer 344 (F344) and DPP-IV deficient (À) F344. These results indicated that treatment with NVP-DPP728 ameliorates glucose tolerance via direct inhibition of plasma DPPIV activity in specific DPP-IV (þ) F344 aged rats.[95]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic disorders among noncommunicable diseases that affect a vast population in both developing and developed nations.[1]. A-1070722 (Figure 6A) is a potentially effective compound that act as an inhibitor of glycogen GSK-3 which is helpful for the management of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders as reported by Baker et al.[55] Chemically, it is 1(7-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-3-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl) urea.
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