Abstract

Ozone and its advanced oxidation processes are commonly used to remove organics from leachate because of their high efficiency in eliminating toxic and resistant compounds. However, the mechanisms underlying the transformations of these organic compounds remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the organic transformation during the composite anode (CA)-supported electro-hybrid ozonation-coagulation (CA-E-HOC) treatment of leachate, where chlorine and coagulants were coproduced on CA for ozone activation, to gain a deeper understanding of the synergistic effects when chlorine, coagulant, and ozone are simultaneously present within a single unit for leachate treatment. Reactive oxygen species and reactive chlorine species in the CA-E-HOC facilitated the degradation of unsaturated and aromatic compounds into hydrophilic organic chains or mineralisation to CO2/H2O. The aromatic carbon (C=C) and long-chain aliphatic carbon (C-C) are converted to carbonyl carbon (O-C=O), which is easily degraded by microorganisms during the subsequent treatment process. The reactive chlorine species and ozone molecules transform CHOS into CHO through −S and −SH2, whereas •OH converts CHNOS into CHNO. The enriched CHO substances were further converted into saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates through oxidation reactions (+O), making them more susceptible to conversion into CO2 and H2O by interacting with •OH and Cl•/ClO•, ultimately resulting in organic mineralisation. This study contributes to a better understanding of molecular changes in organics during leachate treatment using the CA-E-HOC process, with potential implications for practical applications.

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