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Abstract
Researchers aim to develop photoactive systems to address critical environmental challenges, presenting a significant ongoing challenge. This study emphasizes the construction of pure metal oxide NPs (ZnO, Mn3O4, and SnO2), tellurium-doped metal oxides, and composite materials of graphitic carbon nitride/tellurium-doped metal oxides to enhance photocatalytic performance in methylene blue (MB) degradation under natural sunlight. Various characterization techniques, XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy, were employed to analyze the structure, shape, and optical features of the materials. The photocatalytic degradation order for MB was determined to be pure and doped ZnO > pure & doped SnO2 > pure & doped Mn3O4. ZnO NPs exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation at 98 %, accredited to their higher crystallinity, insignificant surface area and reduced particle dimension. Pure and doped ZnO NPs demonstrated the maximum zone of inhibition, reaching 39.5 mm. Consequently, S-g-C3N4/Te-ZnO emerges as the most promising material, serving as both a photocatalytic and antibacterial agent.
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