Unveiling the evolution of endoscopy

Abstract

Abstract Endoscopy, also known as minimally invasive surgery (MIS), has dramatically transformed surgical practice since its inception in the early 20th century. Initially met with skepticism, it has now become fundamental in various surgical fields. This evolution is marked by significant milestones, including the pioneering work of Georg Kelling and Jacobaeus in the early 1900s, the technical innovations of Raoul Palmer and Kurt Semm from the 1960s to the 1980s, and the advent of video laparoscopy in the late 20th century. These advancements have facilitated the transition from diagnostic to surgical laparoscopy, improving safety, efficacy, and patient outcomes. Modern laparoscopy, enriched by high-definition imaging and robotics, allows for complex procedures with enhanced precision. Robotic-assisted surgery, introduced in 1994, has further expanded the capabilities of minimally invasive techniques, offering 3D visualization and improved dexterity. The continuous evolution in this field is driven by technological advancements and a commitment to improving surgical outcomes. This article explores the historical milestones, current practices, and future challenges of endoscopy, highlighting its revolutionary impact on medicine. As the field progresses, innovations such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality are poised to shape the future of laparoscopy, making it safer, more cost-effective, and accessible. The ongoing evolution of endoscopy underscores the relentless pursuit of excellence in surgical care and the enduring impact of human ingenuity and technological progress.