Unveiling Resilience: Exploring the Adaptive Capacities of Ghana’s Forest Fringe Communities in the Face of Climate Change

Abstract

This study employed a comprehensive two-stage sampling method to investigate climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Ghana, focusing on three distinct ecological zones: Dry Semi Deciduous (DSD), Moist Semi-deciduous (North West) MSDNW, and Savannah (SAV). 600 households from randomly selected communities within each ecozone participated in interviews and questionnaire administration over a two-year data collection period. Data was gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods for analysis. Descriptive statistical methods were applied to determine socio-economic factors and social vulnerability levels across the ecological zones. The study revealed significant variations in adaptive capacity among the ecological zones. The Savannah (SAV) zone exhibited higher scores in non-farm income-generating activities, adaptive capacity for changing cropping patterns, and adoption of irrigation in response to climate change. Conversely, the Dry Semi-Deciduous (DSD) zone excelled in forest plantation modules, relocation of farming activities due to climatic factors, and modification in agrochemical use. Access to information on climate change varied significantly among ecological zones, emphasizing the necessity for tailored and context-specific strategies. The study's conclusion underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing diverse challenges and opportunities faced by communities in different ecological zones. To enhance adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change in Ghana, the study recommends targeted information dissemination for improved access, support for economic diversification, and promotion of climate-resilient agricultural practices. Emphasizing the role of economic diversification, adaptive agricultural practices, and forest-related measures, the study highlights their critical contribution to building resilience and adaptive capacity in the face of climate change.