Unusual tin organics, DDX and PAHs as specific pollutants from dockyard work in an industrialized port area in China.

Abstract

In order to recognize organic contaminants responsible for ecological stresses from intensive shipping traffic and dockyard works, this study aimed at characterizing the sediment contamination of a large industrialized port located in Hainan Island, China. Surface sediment samples were collected from 17 stations including the main docks, the dockyards and the major industrial wastewater outlets. Organotin compounds, the pesticide DDT (bis(chlorophenyl)trichloroethane) and its metabolites and polycyclic aromatic compounds were identified as main pollutant groups by GC/MS applying a non-target screening approach. The pesticide DDT and its metabolites were found in the same samples as the organotin derivatives pointing to similar emission sources. The concurrent presence of these compounds in the dockyard samples suggests a combined usage of organotin compounds and DDT as active ingredients in antifouling paints in Yangpu. As highly specific molecular indicators for dockyard activities, butyltin and phenyltin compounds were identified. Noteworthy, also tributylmethyltin and triphenylmethyltin were detected, likely resulting from microbial assisted biomethylation of synthetic organotin compounds in the sediments. The concentrations of PAHs, DDX and TBT in sediments from dockyards exceeded global sediment quality guidelines and the toxicity thresholds, and potentially have adverse biological effects on marine organisms.