Unusual presentations of neurocysticercosis

Abstract

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common helminthic infection of the central nervous system. It is a major public health problem in developing countries, however, rarely reported in Saudi Arabia. As far as our knowledge, this is the first case report of NCC in Saudi Arabia. An increasing number of immigrants from endemic areas is the cause. Here, we report three interesting cases of NCC in three adult females with very unusual clinical presentation. These include: (case 1) progressive spasticity of the four limbs with severe pseudobulbar manifestations, precipitancy of micturition, cognitive impairment and no eye involvement; (case 2) dystonic movement of right upper and lower limbs together with weight gain, lethargy, mental dullness and goitre; and (case 3) depressive manifestations together with disturbance of writing, mild deep sensory loss, limb-kinetic apraxia, lack of coordination and dystonia of the right upper limb. The clinical details and possible mechanisms for the uncommon presentations are discussed. NCC should be kept in mind and raise a high level of suspicion for unusual neurological manifestations in Saudian patients particularly as there has been increasing percentage of immigration from endemic areas during the last few years.