Abstract
Crystallization of zeolite ZSM-5 from a diluted heterogeneous system (12.5Na2O–Al2O3–8TPABr–60SiO2–4000H2O) was investigated by various experimental methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction (ED), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size analysis (PSA), pH measurement, inductive coupling plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The crystallization process is characterized by a very long “induction period” (95% of the entire reaction time) and very fast transformation (5% of the entire reaction time) of amorphous to crystalline phase (zeolite ZSM-5) at the end of the crystallization process. Analysis of the obtained results has shown that the crystallization process takes place by a chain of processes: (i) formation of “primary” amorphous aluminosilicate precursor (gel) at room temperatur...
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